初中英语语法梳理和提高9动词 试题
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初中英语语法梳理和提高9动词 试题,
动 词
动词是表示动作(study, find, swim 等)或状态(be, like, feel 等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。
一)助动词
助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下:
1、助动词be的用法如下:
1)构成各种进行时态。如:
It was raining all day yesterday.
昨天整天下雨。
2)构成被动语态。如:
The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.
会议是昨天下午举行的。
3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如:
They are to see an English film this evening.
他们今天晚上看英语电影。
2、助动词do的用法如下:
1)构成疑问式或否定式。如:
Does he think so?
I didn't say anything about the result.
2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调,意为"的确,确实"。如:
They do study hard.
She does love him.
He did want to help the old man.
3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如:
He has lived here for three years.
As soon as the sun had set they returned.
4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should 是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:I shall send ten letters to my good friend.
She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.
二)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, should等。
表示能力
表示能力一般用can, could。如:Rose can speak now, but she couldn't a week ago.
be able to 也表示能力,它和can 的区别如下:
1)表示做事的能力,两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to 可用于任何时态。如:
She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.
They will be able to finish the drawing soon.
2) 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互换。如:
She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.
can (could) 在疑问句中与第二人称连用时,表示征求对方意见或提出请求,表示委婉语气。虽然could是can的过去式,但是could 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气,没有时间上的差别。如:
-Could you lend me your pen?
-Yes, I can.
表示许可
表示许可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且常可互换。Might, could语气比较委婉。要特别注意:回答以might, could开头的疑问句只能用may, can 给予直截了当的回答。
-Might/Could I borrow your book?
-Yes, you may/can.
表示必需、必要
must和have to都有"必须" ,一般情况下可互换。如:You must / have to finish the work..
www.350xue.com
但他们有如下区别:
1)must 表示说话人的主观看法;have to 表示客观需要。如:
I must have a talk with him.
He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.
2) 否定式mustn't 表示禁止,意为"不准,不可以做";don't have to 意为"不必"。如:
You mustn't hit her.
You don't have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.
注:表示推测的情态动词有表示"一定"的must, 表示"很有可能"的should, ought to 和表示"可能"的can, could, may, might。具体用法如下:
must 表示较有把握的推测,只用于肯定句,不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下:
1)对目前动作的推测,用must+动词原形。如:
You must lose in the mountain.
2) 对目前状态的推测,用must + be + 表语。如:You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.
在肯定句中,表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形,might 比 may 的可能性更小;对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如:
The package might come tomorrow.
They may have killed the enemies.
3、在疑问句中,对现在表示推测用can (could) …+动词原形,对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) …have+过去分词;在否定句中,对现在表示推测用can't+动词原形,对过去表示推测用can't (couldn't) have+过去分词。如:
It can't be John. He has gone to UK.
4、need的双重身份
need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词,它们的用法不同,如不注意区分,就容易用错。
三)系动词
连词动词的种类
联系动词含有一定意义,它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类,而且有自己的特定用法。
1、按意义联系动词有:be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等,如:Jim appears very old.
2、表示感觉的联系动词有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如:It smells bad.
3、表示转变的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如:
She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.
四)行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1、及物动词
及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。如:
My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.
2、不及物动词
不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。如:
He only worried about his daughter.
二、动词的时态
动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
1.一般现在时
1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
一般情况 +s
以s, x, ch, sh 或 o结尾 +es
以辅音+y结尾 去y变i+es
2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):
主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I am a student.
We/You/ They are students.
He/ She is a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ like music.
Many people like music. I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music.
Many people don’t like music. Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?
Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like music?
3)一般现在时态的用法:
现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作 。例如:
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
现在的状态 例如:
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
客观真理 例如:
The earth goes around the sun.
4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:
often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn't work B. doesn't work C. won't work D. can't work
解析:电视虽然是前天买的, 但坏了是现在的状态, 应该用一般现在时态。选B.
初中英语语法梳理和提高9动词 试题
动 词
动词是表示动作(study, find, swim 等)或状态(be, like, feel 等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。
一)助动词
助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下:
1、助动词be的用法如下:
1)构成各种进行时态。如:
It was raining all day yesterday.
昨天整天下雨。
2)构成被动语态。如:
The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.
会议是昨天下午举行的。
3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如:
They are to see an English film this evening.
他们今天晚上看英语电影。
2、助动词do的用法如下:
1)构成疑问式或否定式。如:
Does he think so?
I didn't say anything about the result.
2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调,意为"的确,确实"。如:
They do study hard.
She does love him.
He did want to help the old man.
3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如:
He has lived here for three years.
As soon as the sun had set they returned.
4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should 是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:I shall send ten letters to my good friend.
She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.
二)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can, may, must, need, should等。
表示能力
表示能力一般用can, could。如:Rose can speak now, but she couldn't a week ago.
be able to 也表示能力,它和can 的区别如下:
1)表示做事的能力,两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to 可用于任何时态。如:
She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.
They will be able to finish the drawing soon.
2) 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互换。如:
She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.
can (could) 在疑问句中与第二人称连用时,表示征求对方意见或提出请求,表示委婉语气。虽然could是can的过去式,但是could 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气,没有时间上的差别。如:
-Could you lend me your pen?
-Yes, I can.
表示许可
表示许可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且常可互换。Might, could语气比较委婉。要特别注意:回答以might, could开头的疑问句只能用may, can 给予直截了当的回答。
-Might/Could I borrow your book?
-Yes, you may/can.
表示必需、必要
must和have to都有"必须" ,一般情况下可互换。如:You must / have to finish the work..
www.350xue.com
但他们有如下区别:
1)must 表示说话人的主观看法;have to 表示客观需要。如:
I must have a talk with him.
He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.
2) 否定式mustn't 表示禁止,意为"不准,不可以做";don't have to 意为"不必"。如:
You mustn't hit her.
You don't have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.
注:表示推测的情态动词有表示"一定"的must, 表示"很有可能"的should, ought to 和表示"可能"的can, could, may, might。具体用法如下:
must 表示较有把握的推测,只用于肯定句,不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下:
1)对目前动作的推测,用must+动词原形。如:
You must lose in the mountain.
2) 对目前状态的推测,用must + be + 表语。如:You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.
在肯定句中,表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形,might 比 may 的可能性更小;对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如:
The package might come tomorrow.
They may have killed the enemies.
3、在疑问句中,对现在表示推测用can (could) …+动词原形,对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) …have+过去分词;在否定句中,对现在表示推测用can't+动词原形,对过去表示推测用can't (couldn't) have+过去分词。如:
It can't be John. He has gone to UK.
4、need的双重身份
need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词,它们的用法不同,如不注意区分,就容易用错。
三)系动词
连词动词的种类
联系动词含有一定意义,它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类,而且有自己的特定用法。
1、按意义联系动词有:be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等,如:Jim appears very old.
2、表示感觉的联系动词有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如:It smells bad.
3、表示转变的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如:
She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.
四)行为动词
行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1、及物动词
及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。如:
My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.
2、不及物动词
不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。如:
He only worried about his daughter.
二、动词的时态
动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
1.一般现在时
1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时,作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
一般情况 +s
以s, x, ch, sh 或 o结尾 +es
以辅音+y结尾 去y变i+es
2)一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):
主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 问 式
第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I am a student.
We/You/ They are students.
He/ She is a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ like music.
Many people like music. I am not a student.
We/You/ They are not students.
He/ She is not a student.
I / We/ You/ They/ don’t like music.
Many people don’t like music. Are you a student.
Are you/ they students?
Is he/ she a student?
Do you/ they like music?
Do many people like music?
3)一般现在时态的用法:
现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作 。例如:
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
现在的状态 例如:
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
客观真理 例如:
The earth goes around the sun.
4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:
often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. --- May I help you, sir?
--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.
A. didn't work B. doesn't work C. won't work D. can't work
解析:电视虽然是前天买的, 但坏了是现在的状态, 应该用一般现在时态。选B.
初中英语语法梳理和提高9动词 试题
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