高二英语第二十三单元Telephones

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This is a newly - made satellite , used for communications .

Just now , a gentleman , called John Brown , came to see you .

( 6 ) The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker as they travel along metal wires . 电话号的问题是，当它们沿着金属导线传送时，信号会变得越来越弱。

这个句子是个复合句，它包含一个由 that 引导的表语从句 they get weaker and weaker , 而这个表语从句后面又接了一个由 as 引导的时间状语从句 as they travel along metal wires .

weaker and weaker 越来越弱。这是“比较级 + and + 比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”的意思，在本句中作表语。例如：

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger .

More and more people have their telephones .

We hope that the telephone charges will get less and less expensive .

as 在此句中作连词，引出时间状语从句，常可以和 when 或 while 换用。例如：

I saw her as／when／while I was waiting for the bus .

I saw her as／when she was falling .

9 . They need to be strengthened every 3—4km . 电信号每隔3—4公里就需要增强。

( 1 ) to be strengthened 是不定式的被动式，作谓语动词 need 的宾语。strengthen

是由名词 strength ( 力量 ) 加后缀 - en 派生的动词。strengthen 作“加强”、“增强”解 ( make or become strong ) 。例如：

Our army is becoming greatly strengthened .

We must strengthen our national defence .

名词或形容词加后缀 - en，构成意思相近的动词，如：length ( 长度 ) →lengthen ( 加长 ) ，height ( 高 ) →heighten ( 加高 ) ，wide ( 宽的 ) →widen ( 加宽 ) ，deep ( 深的 ) →deepen ( 加深 ) ，short ( 短的 ) →shorten ( 缩短 ) 。

( 2 ) “every 3—4km . ”中的 km 是 kilometre ( 千米／公里 ) 的缩写。every 一般和单数名词连用，表示“每一……”，如 every minute ( 每分钟 ) ，every hour ( 每小时 ) 。若后面接 two 以上的数词，则需接复数名词，表示“每隔……”。例如：

The bus runs every 4—5 minutes .

Take the medicine every four hours .

10 . At the other end , the light signals are received and changed back into electrical signals and finally sound . 在受话的一端，被接收的光信号还原为电信号，最后变成声音。

这个句子是个简单句，主语是 the light signals , 有三个并列谓语，第一个是 are received , 第二个是 ( are ) changed back into electrical signals ( 其中 are 省略了 ) ，第三个是 ( are changed ) finally ( into ) sound ( 其中省略了 are changed…into ) ，这些省略都是为了避免重复。

11 . These are some of the ways in which they can be used . 它们 ( 电话 ) 可以用于以下几种方式。 ( 直译：这些是可以使用电话的几种方式。 )

ways 作“方式”、“方法”解，后接介词加关系代词 ( in which ) 引导的定语从句。有时 in which 也可省略。例如：

This was the way ( in which ) the nobles treated the peasants .

There was no way ( in which ) the dog in the satellite could be brought back to earth .

I don\'t like the way he talks .

That was the way she and her husband worked on their experiments .

【 妙文赏析 】

Franklin\'s Toast

Benjamin Franklin , the well - known American politician , was once dining with a small party of distinguished ( 杰出的 ) gentlemen when one of them said , “The three of us here happen to be from three different countries : France , England , and America . Let each of us propose a toast ( 致祝酒辞 ) . ”And the other two agreed .

The Englishman stood up first . In a tone of British snobbery he said , “Here\'s to Great Britain , the sun that gives light to all nations of the earth!”

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The Frenchman was rather astonished at this , but he proposed , “Here\'s to France , the moon whose magic rays move the tides of the world!”

Then Franklin rose to his feet . With an air of quaint modesty ( 带着不寻常的谦逊神情 ) ，he said , “Here\'s to our beloved ( 敬爱的 ) George Washington , the Jesus of America , who commanded ( 命令 ) the sun and the moon to stand still——and they obeyed!”

【 思维体操 】

下面是我国十四部古典名著的英译名，你知道它们是哪些书吗?

1 . A Dream of Red Mansions 2 . Outlaws of the Marsh

3 . The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 4 . Journey to the West

5 . The Scholars 6 . Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio

7 . The Western Chamber 8 . Stories to Awaken Men

9 . Stories to Enlighten Men 10 . Stories to Warn Men

11 . Exposure of the Official World 12 . Outline of Herb Medicine

13 . Records of the Historian 14 . History as a Mirror

答案：

1 . 《红楼梦》 2 . 《水浒传》 3 . 《三国演义》 4 . 《西游记》 5 . 《儒林外史》 6 . 《聊斋志异》 7 . 《西厢记》 8 . 《醒世恒言》 9 . 《喻世明言》 10 . 《警世通言》 11 . 《官场现形记》 12 . 《本草纲目》 13 . 《史记》 14 . 《资治通鉴》

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

单元语法发散思维

that 引导的同位语从句。一般跟在某些抽象名词 ( 如 belief , fact , hope , idea , news , problem , possibility 等 ) 的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。例如：

The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people .

引导同位语从句的词除连词 that 外，还有连接副词 ( how , when , where , why 等 ) 。例如：

I have no idea when Jack will be back .

He can\'t answer the question how he got the money .

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：比较下列两个例句：

We expressed the hope ( that ) they had expressed . ①

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again . ②

请看如下分析：

1 . 从语法的角度上看，引导同位语从句的 that 是连词，只起连接的作用，在从句中并不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的 that 是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作句子成分 ( 如句①中的 that 在从句中作宾语；句②中 that 只起连接作用 ) 。

2 . 从语义的角度上看，同位语从句与它前面的名词 ( 如 hope ) 是同位关系，表示这个“希望”的内容是“他们再来中国访问”；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“……的”，起修饰作用。

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高二英语第二十三单元Telephones